培訓(xùn):高中-中高考-藝考文化課
2025年高中英語動(dòng)詞常見考法匯總:新的學(xué)期已然開啟,同學(xué)們?cè)俣忍ど先碌膶W(xué)習(xí)征程。然而,與過往情況類似,眾多同學(xué)在學(xué)期初期或許會(huì)遭遇學(xué)習(xí)方面的困境,體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度難以跟上的狀況。
一、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
用法:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、存在的狀態(tài)或客觀真理。例如:The sun rises in the east.(太陽從東方升起。)
考點(diǎn):
第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的變化(一般在詞尾加 -s或 -es)。如:He plays football every Sunday.
與頻度副詞(always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never)連用。例如:She always gets up early.
在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
2. 一般過去時(shí)
用法:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:I visited my grandparents last weekend.
考點(diǎn):
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一般在詞尾加 -ed,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要特殊記憶,如go - went, see - saw等。
與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yesterday, last night, in 1999等)連用。例如:He bought a new car yesterday.
3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
用法:表示此時(shí)此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:She is reading a book now.
考點(diǎn):
其構(gòu)成是be(am/is/are)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞 -ing形式)。注意一些特殊動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞變化,如以不發(fā)音的 -e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉 -e再加 -ing(write - writing);重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加 -ing(run - running)。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別。例如:He is always helping others.(此處現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示贊揚(yáng)的感情色彩)
4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
用法:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如:When I got home, my mother was cooking.
考點(diǎn):
其構(gòu)成是be(was/were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞。注意過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行,而一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。如:I was reading a book when the phone rang.(強(qiáng)調(diào)電話響的時(shí)候我正在看書)
5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
用法:表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或者過去開始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。例如:I have finished my homework.(完成作業(yè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響是我現(xiàn)在沒有作業(yè)要做了);He has lived here for ten years.(從過去開始住在這里,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)
考點(diǎn):
其構(gòu)成是have/has + 過去分詞。過去分詞的規(guī)則變化與過去式相同,不規(guī)則變化需要記憶,如do - done, go - gone等。
與since和for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),for后接時(shí)間段。例如:She has studied English since 2010.;He has worked here for five months.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作。如:I have seen the movie.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)電影內(nèi)容的了解);I saw the movie last week.(只強(qiáng)調(diào)上周看電影這個(gè)動(dòng)作)
6. 過去完成時(shí)
用法:表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。例如:When I got to the station, the train had already left.(火車離開這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在我到達(dá)車站之前)
考點(diǎn):
其構(gòu)成是had + 過去分詞。
過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的連用,體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的先后順序。如:After he had finished his work, he went home.
7. 一般將來時(shí)
用法:表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:I will go to school tomorrow.
考點(diǎn):
其常見的表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)有will + 動(dòng)詞原形、be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。will表示單純的將來,be going to表示有計(jì)劃、打算或有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。例如:It's going to rain.(有烏云等跡象表明要下雨)
在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,但在主句中可以用一般將來時(shí)。如:When you come tomorrow, I will show you around.
二、非謂語動(dòng)詞
1. 不定式(to do)
用法:可作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語和狀語。例如:To see is to believe.(作主語和表語);I want to learn English.(作賓語);He asked me to help him.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語);I have a lot of work to do.(作定語);She came to see me.(作狀語)
考點(diǎn):
不定式的否定形式是在to前面加not。如:I told him not to be late.
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞后面只能接不定式作賓語,如afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt等。
不定式作狀語時(shí),表示目的、結(jié)果或原因。例如:He worked hard to pass the exam.(目的狀語);He is too young to go to school.(結(jié)果狀語)
2. 動(dòng)名詞(-ing形式)
用法:可作主語、賓語、表語和定語。例如:Swimming is my favorite sport.(作主語);I enjoy reading books.(作賓語);His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表語);a sleeping bag(作定語)
考點(diǎn):
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(物主代詞/名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞)。例如:Would you mind my opening the window?
一些動(dòng)詞和詞組后面只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,如admit, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine等。
3. 分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞 -ing和過去分詞 -ed)
用法:
現(xiàn)在分詞可作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:The movie is interesting.(作表語);The running boy is my brother.(作定語);Walking in the street, I saw a lot of people.(作狀語);I heard him singing in the bathroom.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
過去分詞可作表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:He looks tired.(作表語);The broken cup is on the table.(作定語);Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.(作狀語);I had my hair cut yesterday.(作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
考點(diǎn):
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別?,F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。例如:The girl standing there is my sister.(主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行);The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.(被動(dòng)、完成)
分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語要與句子的主語一致。例如:Looking out of the window, I saw a beautiful bird.(邏輯主語是I,我看窗外)
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