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id="3dxn8cp" class="clearfix"> <div id="eu3alm2" class="fl w960"> <div id="2nyhhkn" class="mb20 bg1"> <h1 class="mb10 news-detial-title">托福聽(tīng)力講座類熱門(mén)話題背景知識(shí)-托福考試</h1> <div id="xoj7pbk" class="mb20 news-detial-v"><span>2019-06-25 22:00</span><a href="http://1537799.com/news/cs105_px16/" target="_blank">分類：英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)</a><span>閱讀：123</span> <span id="a3z09xz" class="relative">分享 <em class="bdsharebuttonbox clearfix social_group" title="托福聽(tīng)力講座類熱門(mén)話題背景知識(shí)-托?？荚?中山美聯(lián)英語(yǔ)" url="http://1537799.com/news/718.html" imgurl="https://img1.youkee.com/editor/1905/05/5cce958346504.jpg"> <i class="bds_weixin msb_network_button weixin" type="weixin"></i> <i class="bds_tsina msb_network_button sina" type="sina"></i>  <i class="bds_qzone msb_network_button qZone" type="qZone"></i> </em> </span> </div> <div class="2gpndeo" id="detail-content" class="p30 news-detail-con overflow-h" > <p style="line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><a href="http://1537799.com/toefl/264.html" target="_self"><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-size: 20px;">托福</span></font></strong></a><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">聽(tīng)力講座類熱門(mén)話題背景知識(shí)有哪些？因?yàn)橹R(shí)的缺乏我們很多時(shí)候聽(tīng)不懂講座、演講，這種情況在考生中是比較普遍的，我們想解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題就需要我們補(bǔ)充一些相關(guān)的知識(shí)了，下面我們就來(lái)一起看一下吧。</font></p><p style="line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">　　古羅馬 ( 約公元前 800 年 - 公元 476 年 ) ：基本沿襲希臘音樂(lè)，但由于羅馬人崇尚武藝，因此銅管樂(lè)器相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)。常見(jiàn)的有大號(hào) ( tuba ) 、角號(hào) ( cornu ) 。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="https://img1.youkee.com/editor/1905/05/5cce958346504.jpg"/></p><p style="line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">　　中世紀(jì) ( 約 476-1300 年 ) MedievalTime / Middle Ages：由于教的盛行，出現(xiàn)了宗教音樂(lè)和世俗音樂(lè)的區(qū)分。為了規(guī)范各地區(qū)的音樂(lè)禮儀形式而編寫(xiě)的宗教歌曲集《格雷高利圣詠》Gregorian chant 是無(wú)樂(lè)器純聲樂(lè)男聲演唱 vocal music，被認(rèn)為是高尚純潔的，其中包括日課 office/Daily office 和彌撒 mass。民間流行的世俗音樂(lè)也叫騎士音樂(lè)被稱為中世紀(jì)音樂(lè)的一縷光芒，包括法國(guó)的游吟詩(shī)人，在南部叫做 Troubadour 北部叫做 Trouvere 和德國(guó)的戀詩(shī)歌手 Minnesinger，這些人的音樂(lè)里出現(xiàn)了多種多樣的樂(lè)器伴奏，如 lute 琉特琴，hurdy-gurdy 手搖風(fēng)琴，shawm 肖姆管等等。<br/>　　文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期 ( 約 1300-1600 ) Renaissance：西方音樂(lè)史上的復(fù)調(diào)音樂(lè)全盛時(shí)期，主要音樂(lè)體裁是世俗歌謠曲，有意大利的牧歌 ( madrigae ) ，法國(guó)的尚頌 ( Chanson ) 德國(guó)的里德 ( lied ) 英國(guó)的康索爾特歌 ( Consort ) 。以及這個(gè)時(shí)期古鋼琴的使用包括羽管鍵琴 harpsicord 和擊弦鍵琴 clavicord.巴洛克時(shí)期 Baroque ( 1600 歌劇誕生 -1750 年 ) ：音樂(lè)中的涵義是指 1600-1750 年從意式正歌劇 ( opera seria ) 形成，以德國(guó)作曲家 J · S Johann SebastianBach、亨德?tīng)?George Friedrich Handel 為代表體現(xiàn)宏偉夸張?zhí)卣鞯膮f(xié)奏曲 ( concerto ) 的音樂(lè)流派。<br/>　　古典時(shí)期 Classical 也叫做維也納古典樂(lè)派，音樂(lè)史中的涵義是指：1750-1821 年間以維也納為中心，以海頓、莫扎特、貝多芬為代表，體現(xiàn)風(fēng)俗、明快、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、均衡風(fēng)格特征的音樂(lè)流派，以奏鳴曲 sonata 交響曲 symphony 為主。海頓：J.JosephHaydn ( 1732-1809 ) 奧地利人，維也納古典樂(lè)派的奠基人，被稱為 " 交響樂(lè)之父 "" 室內(nèi)樂(lè)之父 "" 近代管弦樂(lè)之父 "; 莫扎特：W. A.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( 1756-1791 ) 奧地利人古典時(shí)期偉大的歌劇作曲家，在器樂(lè)方面是海頓和貝多芬之間的橋梁 "18 世紀(jì)的奇跡 "" 神童 "; 貝多芬：Ludwig van Beethoven ( 1770-1827 ) ( 德國(guó) ) 古典樂(lè)派高成就的體現(xiàn)，浪漫樂(lè)派的奠基人。<br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img src="https://img1.youkee.com/editor/1905/05/5cce958d80495.jpg"/></p><p style="line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">　　浪漫 Romantic 時(shí)期 ( 1821-20 世紀(jì)上半葉 ) 分為浪漫樂(lè)派，代表人物：Robert Alexander Schumann 舒曼，Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy 門(mén)德?tīng)査傻?; 民族樂(lè)派 Nationalism：代表人物波蘭音樂(lè)家作曲家肖邦 FryderykFranciszek Chopin，匈牙利作曲家李斯特 FranzLiszt ; 現(xiàn)代樂(lè)派 Modernism 代表人物法國(guó)作曲家德彪西 Achille-Claude Debussy 形成了一種被稱為 " 印象 " 的音樂(lè)風(fēng)格，對(duì)歐美各國(guó)的音樂(lè)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。<br/>　　主要涉及到的音樂(lè)場(chǎng)景詞匯如下：choir 合唱隊(duì)<br/>　　chorus 合唱隊(duì)<br/>　　rhythm 節(jié)奏 ; 韻律<br/>　　symphony 交響樂(lè)<br/>　　violin </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">小提琴</span><br/><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">　　cello </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">大提琴</span><br/><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">　　viola 中提琴<br/>　　clarinet </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">單簧管</span><br/><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">　　composer 作曲家<br/>　　melody 旋律<br/>　　chambermusic 室內(nèi)音樂(lè)<br/>　　musician 音樂(lè)家<br/>　　improvisational 即興的<br/>　　percussion instrument </span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">打擊樂(lè)</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">器<br/>　　string instrument 弦樂(lè)器<br/>　　Broadway music 百老匯音樂(lè)<br/>　　orchestra 管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)<br/>　　critic 評(píng)論家<br/>　　formal 正式的<br/>　以上就是<a href="http://1537799.com/j/zsml" target="_self" 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