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下面是小編為大家整理的“2025年常見的英語語法知識”相關(guān)資料,僅供參考了解!
一.名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格
(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型:paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
l并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
l要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:
(1)不定冠詞:a / an
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the
定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.
(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前:John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運(yùn)動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
三、代詞、形容詞、副詞
代詞:人稱代詞,物主代詞
人稱代詞物主代詞
主格賓格
第一
人稱單數(shù)I(我)memy(我的)
復(fù)數(shù)we(我們)usour(我們的)
第二
人稱單數(shù)you(你)youyour(你的)
復(fù)數(shù)you(你們)youyour(你們的)
第三
人稱單數(shù)he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
復(fù)數(shù)they(他們/她們/它們)themtheir(他們的/她們的/它們的)
形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級
(一)、形容詞的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:
⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動)
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后
⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動詞之后
2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)
四、數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞
基數(shù)詞
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先說“幾十”,再說“幾”,中間加連字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先說“幾百”,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個“,”,第一個“,”前為thousand.第二個“,”前為million,第三個“,”前為billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序數(shù)詞
(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不規(guī)則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)從二十一后的“幾十幾”直至“幾百幾十幾”或“幾千幾百幾十幾”只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
五、動詞:動詞的四種時態(tài):
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來時:
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
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