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英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)是高考英語(yǔ)必不可少的一道題,這就需要看同學(xué)們平時(shí)的詞句和語(yǔ)法的積累了,還需要細(xì)心閱讀,今天就給大家分享高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題的答題技巧:詞法與句法。
(一)詞法的測(cè)試:
1.名詞:
主要是查名詞是否可數(shù),與其修飾語(yǔ)是否一致。
1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen music.
Hobby是可數(shù)名詞,在這要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;playing football是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng),football只是一種球; sing和listen to 要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作運(yùn)動(dòng)講是不可數(shù)名詞,do exercise作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式,謂動(dòng)用單數(shù);healthy是形容詞, 這里要用名詞形式。
3) Reading books is one of my hobby.
one of 后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2.代詞:
對(duì)于短文中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)代詞都要查一下它所指代的內(nèi)容及在句中的作用,注意其數(shù)、格、詞性是否正確和前后是否一致,常考的代詞包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、關(guān)系代詞及疑問(wèn)代詞等。
1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her.
前面提到的是he而后面卻用her來(lái)代,故應(yīng)將her改為him.
2).This is the best film which I have ever seen.
先行詞前有最高級(jí)修飾應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that 而不是which。
3.冠詞:
英語(yǔ)中只有三個(gè)冠詞,但用起來(lái)卻很復(fù)雜,在短文改 錯(cuò)中,錯(cuò)誤不外乎該用冠詞時(shí)沒(méi)有用,不該用時(shí)卻用了;該用an用了a,該用a(n)卻用了the.
1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things… letter為可數(shù)名詞,故write后應(yīng)加a.
2) I like playing the football. 去the
3) He is a honest boy. a改為an
4.介詞:
檢查介詞主要是查介詞與動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞的搭配、介詞慣用詞組等是否正確。
1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
thank sb. for sth.為固定搭配,故應(yīng)將with 改為for.
2) …I’m the happiest in all.
此句想表達(dá)的意思是“我是所有人中最高興的”。故應(yīng)將in改為 of.
3) Under the help of my father, I … under 改為 with
4) He went to Beijing in next Sunday. in 改為on
5.形容詞、副詞:
形容詞、副詞的誤用主要指在該用形容詞的地方用了副詞,該用副詞的地方用了形容詞。改錯(cuò)行中出現(xiàn)形容詞或副詞時(shí)就要仔細(xì)分析該形容詞或副詞修飾什么,形式是否正確,是原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)。形容詞、副詞誤用也是常考的改錯(cuò)項(xiàng)目之一。
1) I had not interest in English .interest是名詞,應(yīng)用形容詞no來(lái)修飾,而not是副詞,副詞不能修飾名
2) These are the happier girls I’ve ever seen. 此處有I’ve ever seen限定,應(yīng)用最高級(jí),故happier應(yīng)改為 happiest.
3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改為easily.
4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修飾
6.連詞:
短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,是否 符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、詞性一致問(wèn)題
平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and , or , but ,not only…but also…, …not…but…, either…or…, neither …nor…, as well as等。
1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.
由于前句有As引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,因此后句不能再用so,故應(yīng)把so 去掉。
2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people.
根據(jù)上下文意思判斷,前后兩個(gè)并列分句不存在意義上的折,所以but應(yīng)改為and或so.這是典型的并列連詞誤用。
7.動(dòng)詞:
動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤 包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤;易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤; 動(dòng) 詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式,以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中,動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。
1) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
a. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
take photos 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí).
b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days.
根據(jù)本句意義,should后應(yīng)加上been,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
c. In school, I often playing football for my friends.
playing改為 play; for 改為with
2) 易混動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didn’t listen.
persuade 意為“說(shuō)服”,強(qiáng)調(diào)成功的結(jié)果,而根據(jù)下句 he didn’t listen可知,勸說(shuō)并沒(méi)有成功,故應(yīng)改persuaded為 advised.
b. You please rise your hands.
rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,而raise是及物動(dòng)詞,所以舉手應(yīng)用 raise your hands.這屬于及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞的誤用。
3) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤
a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party.
look forward to 中的to是介詞,應(yīng)加動(dòng)名詞,將see改為seeing.
b. I’m sorry I keep you wait for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.
在任何情況下keep均和doing連用,如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep …from doing… 等.
c. I’d like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.
to后加be。因其后是名詞,而不是動(dòng)詞原形,不能直接用to.
8.詞語(yǔ)固定搭配:
主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配;及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞,英語(yǔ)中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
keep a diary是固定搭配,意思是“寫日記”.
2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
To one’s surprise 是固定搭配
3) I thought that was dull to watch a game…
此題考查it的功能,It + be + adj. + to do為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。
4) …the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.解析:
not only… but also…為固定結(jié)構(gòu),故將and 改為but.
5) I have no difficulty learn maths.
have difficulty (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
6) He spends too much time play games.
spend some time (in) doing sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)
(二) 句法的測(cè)試:
1 主謂語(yǔ)在數(shù)上的一致;
I hope everything are ok with you. are 改為is
2 名詞性從句;
A man came up to him and asked that he needed. that是連詞,在從句中無(wú)任何意義,而后面的賓語(yǔ)從句缺賓語(yǔ),用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)。
3 定語(yǔ)從句;
This would save the life of many animals, some of them have almost died out.
them改為 which
4 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who…
It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改為that
5 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性、對(duì)等性及邏輯性。
(三)語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試 包括:
1 上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致;
2 上下文中的代詞是否一致;
3 上下文中的邏輯是否一致;
4 上下文中的詞、詞組、從句的替代是否正確。
(四)注意問(wèn)題:
短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)改“錯(cuò)”,而不是把文中的表達(dá)法改成另外的表達(dá)形式。很多考生對(duì)這個(gè)概念比較模糊。把原文中并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)的形式改成了自己認(rèn)可的另外一種形式,雖然改后的表達(dá)法也是對(duì)的,但這樣做偏離了這類題型的答題要求,因而也不能得分。
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